What condition does a ranula typically affect?

A ranula is a type of mucocele that specifically occurs in the floor of the mouth. It arises from a blockage or rupture of salivary glands, typically the sublingual gland. When this gland is affected, mucus accumulates, forming a blue or translucent swelling that can vary in size. The term "ranula" is derived from the Latin word for frog, referring to the bluish appearance of the swelling, which can resemble a frog's underbelly.

This condition does not typically affect the lips or hard palate, as those areas are not where sublingual glands are located. Instead, ranulas are localized to the floor of the mouth, where they may sometimes cause discomfort or difficulty with swallowing, speaking, or maintaining oral hygiene due to their size and position. Understanding the location and origin of ranulas is crucial for diagnosis and management, which usually involves surgical intervention if the lesion is persistent or symptomatic.