What cannot be determined by X-rays?

The correct answer is the first choice, which refers to the inability of X-rays to provide accurate measurements of the facial and lingual (F/L) width of the alveolar bone. X-rays primarily capture two-dimensional images of three-dimensional structures, making it challenging to assess the precise width of the alveolar bone in a direct manner.

While X-rays can show the overall structure and contours of the bone, they do not offer the necessary detail to measure the actual width of the bone accurately. This limitation is particularly significant when evaluating conditions like bone loss or analyzing the width in relation to implant placement.

In contrast, X-rays are more effective in identifying the presence of cavities, crown margins, and tooth fractures. Cavities can be detected as dark spots on the radiographs where the enamel has been demineralized. Crown margins, particularly in restorative work, are assessable through X-ray images where the interface between the tooth and restoration can be visualized. Similarly, X-rays can reveal tooth fractures, as they may appear as a break or line on the radiograph, allowing for diagnosis.

Thus, while X-rays are a valuable tool in dental diagnostics, their limitation in accurately measuring the F/L width of the alveolar bone distinguishes this choice